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Objective To understand the application value of spacial clusters detection of human schistosomiasis epidemic,based on small scale level in heavy mountainous and hilly endemic areas, Songzi County,Hubei Province,China. Methods Positive results of human serological detection antibody titer equal or above 80,and positive schistosomiasis cases of fecal examination from 2016 to 2018 as research object in Songzi County.The flexible irregular space scan statistics was used to analyse the spatial clustering analysis of human schistosomiasis epidemic in the heavy mountainous and hilly endemic areas, setting parameter K=2 ,K=6 or K=10, respectively,based on small scale of village level in Songzi County. Results There was none positive schistosomiasis cases of fecal examination in Songzi County from 2016 to 2018.The number of human serological detection antibody titer equal or above 80 were 74, 206, 83, from 2016 to 2018，respectively.There was spatial clusters of positive of human serological detection antibody titer equal or above 80 for schistosomiasis cases in the county from 2016-2018. Areas of flexible irregular space scan statistic in cluster detection changing with the change of different K values. Under different parameters of flexible irregular space scan statistic results show that the most likely cluster of 40 endemic villages in three towns,inculding Laocheng town,Chendian town and Wangjiaqiao town were the prominent. Conclusion There are spatial clusters of human schistosomiasis based on small scale of village level by flexible irregular space scan statistic in mountainous and hilly endemic areas, Songzi County,Hubei Province.Therefore,the monitoring and control of schistosomiasis should be consolidated in the future,in order to achieve schistosomiasis elimination in Hubei Province at an early date.
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OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects and its mechanism of pseudostrychnine on the apoptosis of human colon can - cer HT- 29 cells. METHODS ：Human colon cancer HT- 29 cells were randomly divided into blank group ，pseudostrychnine low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups （125，250，500 μmol/L）. They were cultured with culture medium without medicine or relevant concentration of pseudostrychnine for 48 h. The cell apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting assay was employed to detect the protein expression of P 53，Caspase-3，Caspase-9，DNA re - pair enzyme from rabbit （c-PARP）and Bcl- 2. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，apoptotic rate of cells was increased signifi - cantly in pseudostrychnine low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups ，while mitochondrial transmembrane potential was de - creased significantly （P＜0.01），in concentration-dependent manner. The protein expression levels of P 53，Caspase-3，Caspase-9 and c-PARP were increased in pseudostrychnine medium-dose and high-dose groups ，compared with blank group ；while those of Bcl-2 were decreased significantly in pseudostrychnine low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CON - CLUSIONS：Pseudostrychnine may change mitochondrial membrane potential by up-regulating the protein expression of P 53 and down-regulating the protein expression of Bcl- 2，and activate the expression of Caspase- 3，c-PARP and Caspase- 9，so as to acti - vate endogenous mitochondrial pathway and promote the apoptosis of HT- 29 cells.
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Objective:To study the diagnostic value of multimodal ultrasound in thyroid microcarcinoma(TMC).Methods:The clinical data of 203 TMC patients in the Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative multimodal ultrasound results [high frequency ultrasonography(HFU), color Doppler (DU), ultrasonic elastography (UE)] were collected, the postoperative pathological results were seen as the gold standard, and the consistency of multimodal ultrasound diagnosis and the pathological results was analyzed, the diagnosis effect index of multimodal ultrasound was calculated, ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of multimodal ultrasound for TMC.Results:The diagnostic results of HFU, UE were highly consistent with the postoperative pathological results (0.8<Kappa≤1.0). There was a high consistency between DU and gold standard (0.6<Kappa≤0.8). The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic coincidence rate of multimode ultrasonic in the diagnosis of TMC were 97.52%, 91.94% and 95.96%, respectively.HFU and UE had high diagnostic value for TMC (AUC>0.9). DU had medium diagnostic value for TMC (0.7≤AUC≤0.9).Conclusion:Multimodal ultrasonography has high diagnostic value for TMC, and it can be used in many fields such as clinical diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and reexamination due to its good repeatability and non-invasive.
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Objective To analyze the spatial clustering of human schistosomiasis at the village level in key counties in Hubei Province, to provide scientific evidence for formulating strategies for human schistosomiasis prevention and control in the next stage. Methods Gong'an County and Jiangling County in Hubei Province were selected as representative counties for this study. A town or village was set up as a research unit. Schistosomiasis cases of a positive fecal examination in 2015 and cases with positive detection for schistosomiasis serological antibody titer equal or above 80 in 2016-2018 were selected as research subjects in these two counties. The Kulldorff circular scan statistic was used for the spatial clustering analysis of human schistosomiasis infection status in the population. Results There was spatial clustering of positive schistosomiasis cases of fecal examination, at the level of a town or village in both counties in 2015. There was spatial clustering of positive human serological antibody detection at the level of town or village from 2016-2018. Eighty-six endemic villages in five towns in the northeast of Gong'an County, along the Yangtze river,including Mahaokou Town, Zhakou Town, Yangjiachang Town, Jiazhuyuan Town and Douhuti Town, were the most prominent. There was no spatial clustering of positive results of human serological antibody detection at the town and village level in Jiangling County, in2017, while there was spatial clustering of human serological antibody detection in 2016 and 2018,respectively. Fifty-seven endemic villages in two towns (Puji Town and Xionghe Town) in the southwest of Jiangling County, along the Yangtze river,were the most prominent. Conclusion There were spatial clustering of human schistosomiasis epidemic at village level both in Gong'an County and Jiangling County, Hubei Province. Compared with the previous studies, there was a trend of shrink and decline of clustering areas. Therefore, the current situation of the epidemic has put forward higher requirements for the implementation of precise prevention and control in the progress of schistosomiasis elimination work in various epidemic areas.
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OBJECTIVE： To study the anti-depressive effects of Wenyang jieyu granules and its possible mechanism. METHODS： A total of 60 rats with similar behavior and body weight were randomly divided into blank control group （distilled water）， model group （distilled water）， fluoxetine positive control group （2.10 mg/kg） and Wenyang jieyu granules low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （1.89， 3.78， 7.56 g/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 28 d. Except for blank control group， other groups were given chronic unpredictable mild stress combined with feeding alone to establish depression model. On the 0， 7th， 14th， 21st and 28th day of administration， the changes of body weight were measured. The sucrose reference test and open-field test were adopted to determined the rate of sucrose reference， total distance and four corner distance within 4 min. 1 h after last administration， forced swimming test was used to measure struggling time and floating time within 4 min. The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and dopamine （DA） in serum were determined by HPLC. RESULTS： Compared with blank control group， body weight （7th， 14th， 21st and 28th day of administration） and the rate of sucrose reference （14th， 21st and 28th day of administration） were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； total distance and four corner distance within 4 min （21st and 28th day of administration） were decreased significantly； struggling time within 4 min was shortened significantly and floating time within 4 min was prolonged significantly （P＜0.01）； serum contents of 5-HT and DA were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， body weight （28th day of administration in low-dose group， 21st and 28th day of administration in medium-dose group and high-dose group） and the rate of sucrose reference （28th day of administration） were increased significantly in Wenyang jieyu granules groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； total distance and four corner distance within 4 min （21st and 28th day of administration） were increased significantly （P＜0.01）； struggling time within 4 min was prolonged significantly and floating time within 4 min was shortened significantly （P＜0.01）. Serum contents of 5-HT and DA were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with fluoxetine positive control group， there was no statistical significance in above indexes among Wenyang jieyu granules groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Wenyang jieyu granule has obvious anti-depression effect on depression model rats， which is similar to fluoxetine， and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of serum contents of 5-HT and DA.
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Objective To estimate the value of team-based learning ( TBL ) in the teaching of occupational health and occupational medicine for foreign students. Methods 42 foreign students from the majorofclinicalmedicineinHarbin Medical UniversitywereselectedtoformtheTBLdiscussiongroup. Before class, teachers assigned tasks, and the students were taught with the same teachers with TBL teaching method. The effect of learning was evaluated by questionnaire and classroom test. The t test was performed using SPSS 19.0 statistical software for comparison of the results of individual test and group test. Results The result of the questionnaire showed that students agreed that TBL teaching can improve students' interest, self-study ability and broaden their learning ideas. The classroom test results showed that after the TBL discussion, the test scores of occupational oncology and pneumoconiosis were significantly higher than those of individual test. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The TBL method can significantly improve the students' comprehension of knowledge and enhance their learning effect.
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Objective To improve the information level of schistosomiasis control by using the related functions of Corel-DRAW software. Methods Combining with the requirement of schistosomiasis control,the sketch map was drawn according to the linear element drawing,the geometric drawing,the color rendering and the text adding. Results The schistosomiasis epi-demic sketch map and the Oncomelania hupensis snail distribution sketch map at all levels were produced in CorelDRAW soft-ware. Conclusion The sketch map drawing in CorelDRAW software is beautiful and standardizing,and it can improve the lev-el of information management.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in“Oriental Star shipwreck event”in Jianli County, Hubei Province,so as to provide experiences for schistosomiasis prevention and control in rescue of emergency in the future. Methods According to the data of historical schistosomiasis prevalence and the results of the field survey in the townships in the upstream and downstream of the rescue spots,the emergency handling measures of schistosomiasis control were evaluated. Meanwhile,the Oncomelania hupensis snail situation,priority crowd chemotherapy,key aquatic monitoring,and illness moni?toring of people and livestock were investigated to evaluate the schistosomiasis control effect after the events comprehensively. Results There were no schistosome?infected snails found in the place of shipwreck and the rescue spots. The average density of O. hupensis snails in 5 townships of Jianli County was 0.064 snails/0.1 m2 ,and there were no infected snails found. The positive rate of 2 090 migrants in the schistosomiasis serologic tests was 0.29%and there were no positive ones found in the fecal exami?nation. There were no acute schistosomiasis cases found by the sentinel surveillance fever clinics,and also no positive cattle were found. The results of sentinel mice monitoring in the place of shipwreck and 4 villages in the upstream and downstream showed no infected mice were found. Conclusion The schistosomiasis control measures taken after the shipwreck is effective, which achieves the goal of no schistosomiasis transmission after emergency.
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Objective To analyze the surveillance results of schistosomiasis and understand the transmission situation in Hu?bei Province in 2014. Methods According to the Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance in Hubei Province(the 2009 edi?tion),207 endemic sites were selected,where the schistosome infections of residents and livestock,and the distribution of On?comelania hupensis snails were investigated. Results In the 207 sites,there were 27 sites without positive results of the blood tests and 129 sites without positive results of the stool tests. The infection rates of residents and cattle were 0.17%and 0,respec?tively. The density of living snails was 0.339 3 snails/0.1m2,the rate of living snails was 10.12%,and the infection rate of snails was 0. The infection rate of residents in the inner embankment type was 0.22%,higher than the rates in the other types. In differ?ent age groups,the infection rate in the 50-59 years age group was higher than the rates in other age groups. The infection rates of residents in farmer and fisherman were higher than those in the other occupation groups. The infection rate of floating people was 0,and no acute schistosomiasis patients were found. Conclusion The endemic situation of schistosomiasis has decreased obviously in Hubei Province,and the whole province has achieved the criteria for transmission control of schistosomiasis.
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Objective To analyze the Oncomelania hupensis snail situation in schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2014. Methods From 2009 to 2014,207 schistosomiasis endemic villages from 13 cities were selected as the surveillance sites in Hubei Province,where the surveillance of snail situation was performed,and the data about the in?dexes of snail situation during the 6 years were collected and analyzed statistically. Results From 2009 to 2014,totally 80 963.47 hm2 of snail areas were investigated,and 45 309.77 hm2 of area with snails as well as 364.93 hm2 of area with infected snails were found out,and 1 646 125 snails were captured. In the 207 surveillance sites,the density of living snails was reduced from 0.493 3 snail/0.1 m2 in 2009 to 0.339 3 snail/0.1 m2 in 2014,with a decline rate of 31.22%;the density of infected snails was reduced from 0.000 7 snail/0.1 m2 in 2009 to 0 in 2014;the infection rate of snails was reduced from 0.14%in 2009 to 0 in 2014. The infection rates of snails in the third?rank villages,endemic areas in inner embankment,ditch environment and weed environment were relatively higher. Conclusions The snail situation of Hubei Province has been declined steadily. However, the environment of snail breeding has not been changed completely. In order to consolidate the control achievements further ,the measures including mollusciciding and snail control projects should be strengthened.
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Objective To evaluate the schistosomiasis transmission control in 19 counties(cities,districts)of Hubei Prov?ince in 2013. Methods The epidemic villages from different counties were randomly sampled by the cluster sampling method as the evaluation villages. The schistosome infection status of human and livestock,the Oncomelania hupensis snail status,the documents and data of schistosomiasis control,acute infection control and health education were investigated in the field. Re?sults The serum examination of schistosome infection was performed to 29 631 residents,and 2 068 were positive,with a posi?tive rate of 6.98%(0.78%-16.47%). The stool examination was performed to 2 021 sero?positive persons,and 47 cases were stool?positive,with an infection rate of 0.16%(0-0.82%). The cattle was the main domestic animals in 19 counties(cities, districts),and the measures of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation were done in 17 counties(cities,districts). Totally 105 cattle in Caidian District and Huangpi District received stool examinations and no positives were detected. A total of 1 579.37 hm2 and 31 829 frames in 154 environments were surveyed,and 4 857 snails were collected. Of the 1 935 living snails dissected,no infected snails were detected. The files regarding the schistosomiasis morbidity and snail status have been estab?lished in 19 counties(cities,districts)since 2009. Conclusion The transmission of schistosomiasis in 19 counties(cities, districts)of Hubei Province has reached the standard of transmission controlled.
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Objective To investigate effectiveness of anthropometric parameters and body composition analysis for the screening and prediction of metabolic syndrome and explore the best indicator for predicting metabolic syndrome in the elderly. Method A cross-sectional study of 763 (406 men and 357 women) elderly people who participated in the annual health check-up was conducted. Clinical data of all participants were obtained including anthropometric parameters, body composition, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff points for waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, percent body fat and fat mass index in relation to the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity in the screening and prediction of metabolic syndrome. Result In total subjects, compared with non-metabolic syndrome group,the ROC curve analysis showed that parameters including waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, percent body fat and fat mass index had a significant potential for predicting metabolic syndrome (P<0.001). It was determined that waist circumference of 87.5 cm and 77.5 cm, waist-to-hip ratio of 0.89 and 0.87, waist-to-height ratio of 0.51 and 0.52, percent body fat of 24.1%and 31.7%and fat mass index of 5.00 kg/m2 and 7.80 kg/m2 were the optimal cutoff points for screening and predicting the presence of metabolic syndrome among men and women with a sensitivity of 81.3%,78.8%,87.5%, 51.3%and 83.8%(in men) and 85.1%,79.8%,71.3%, 70.2%and 80.9%(in women) and a specificity of 57.7%,62.6%,50.0%, 75.5%and 51.8%(in men) and 38.0%,53.2%,55.1%, 50.6%and 52.5% (in women),respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.728, 0.755, 0.716, 0.671 and 0.725 in men and 0.652, 0.707, 0.658, 0.619 and 0.675 in women,respectively. Waist-to-hip ratio showed the highest AUC in all the parameters in men and women. Conclusion Anthropometric parameters and body composition analysis play important roles in the screening and prediction of metabolic syndrome, and waist-to-hip ratio seems to be the best parameter in the screening and prediction of metabolic syndrome in the elderly.
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Objective To understand the dynamic schistosomiasis situation in Hubei Province so as to provide the evidence for formulating the effective control strategy. Methods According to the Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance in Hubei Province the 2009 edition 207 endemic villages were selected and investigated for the schistosome infections of residents and livestock and the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails. Results The average infection rates of residents and cattle were 0.35% and 0.15% respectively and the endemic situation of fishermen and farmers were relatively serious 0.44% and 0.42% respectively . The density of living snails was 0.30 snail/0.1m2 but no infected snails were found. Conclusion The en-demic situation of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province was stable in 2013 but the efforts for the infectious source control still should be strengthened.
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Objective To analyze the latency of posture evoked response of normal lower limb muscle in different stimulations and explore its influencing factors. Methods The normal lower limb was induced to produce postural evoked response by the dynamic posturography through two kinds of perturbations, the supporting surface rotation stimulation (Toes-up and Toes-down) and the horizontal perturbation stimulation (Forward and Backward). The latencies of tibialis anterior muscle and gastrocnemius muscle were recorded by surface electromyography acquisition system. The differences of the left and right limb, gen-der and height on the latency of postural evoked response were analyzed. Results (1) Under the Toes-up and Backward perturbation, the latency of tibialis anterior muscle was longer than gastrocnemius muscle;under the Toes-down and Forward perturbation, the latency of gastrocnemius muscle was longer than tib-ialis anterior muscle. (2) The latencies of left limb and right limb had no significant difference. (3) The la-tency in male was longer than that in female. (4) The latency gradually increased with the increase of height. Conclusion In the postural evoked response, different perturbations, gender and height have sig-nificant impacts on the latency of posture evoked response of lower limb muscle. However, the effect of height and gender should be not considered referring to the same individual.
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Objective To examine the therapeutic effect of C Ⅱ TA inhibition in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA),using a delivery system tailored to target C ⅡTA gene by small interfering RNA (siRNA).Methods Mice with collagen-induced arthritis were injected intravenously with C Ⅱ TA siRNA.The clinical score was monitored for up to 4 weeks after treatment.The severity of inflammation of mouse joint was evaluated by histological examination.Real-time PCR was used to determine the cytokine mRNA expression.Cytokine production was measured by ELISA from serum.T cell proliferation was examined by MTT method.Results IFN-γ and IL-17 were elevated in CIA mice,but were iuhibited significantly by C Ⅱ TA siRNA either prevention or intervention of autoimmune arthritis.Collagen specific T cell proliferation was significantly suppressed.Increased level of IL-4 by T cells was observed in C Ⅱ TA siRNA treated group compared with that of control group.Conclusion Our findings indicate that systemic RNAi-mediated C Ⅱ TA gene silencing is effective in the treatment of CIA and regulateds the balance of Th1/Th2 differentiation.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effects of nutritional intervention and individualized nursing on nutritional risk, undernutrition and quality of life (QOL) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with peritoneal dialysis. MethodsA total of 104 ESRD patients with peritoneal dialysis who met the inclusion criteria of the protocol were enrolled and randomized to receive nutritional intervention plus individualized nursing ( study group, n =52 analyzed) or self-diet plus routine nursing ( control group, n =50 analyzed) for 6 months. Nutritional risk, anthropometry, and QOL of the two groups were analyzed pre- and post-nutritional intervention. ResultsBaseline data were comparable in the two groups. Prevalences of nutritional risk and undernutrition in study group were significant lower than those in control group after the intervention ( nutritional risk: 32.6％ vs. 56.0％, P =0.028 ;undernutrition: 15.4％ vs. 34.0％, P =0.038). The decrease of grip strength in study group between pre- and post-study was significantly less than that in control group [( - 1.6 ± 0.9 ) kg vs. ( - 9.9 ± 1.4 ) kg, P =0.001], but there were no significant differences in other parameters related to anthropometry, including triceps skin-fold thickness, upper arm circumference, and arm muscle circumference ( all P ＞ 0.05 ). The QOL score significantly increased in study group after intervention but decreased in control group. The differences of renal disease and dialysis-related scores ( △KDTA: 2.5 ± 4.4 vs.- 7.9 ± 7.4, P =0.001 ) and general condition scores (△SF-36 : 3.4 ±4.1 vs.- 6.8 ± 6.3, P =0.001 ) before and after intervention were significantly different between two groups. ConclusionNutrition intervention and individualized nursing may help to improve the nutritional status and QOL in ESRD patients with peritoneal dialysis.
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Objective To investigate the effects of trichostatin A(TSA)on the mice model of collagen induced arthritis(CIA).Methods Mice model of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)was induced in DBA/1 mice with type Ⅱ collagen.Paws were scored for histological severity of arthritis.The severity of inflammation of mouse joint was evaluated by histological examination.Real-time PGR was used to determine the cytokine mRNA expression.Cytokine production was measured by ELISA from serum,spleen cell culture or dendritic cell and T cell co-culture supematant.T cell proliferation was examined by MTT method.Results TSA can significantly suppress the severity of the arthritis in CIA.IFN-γ was elevated in CIA mice,but was inhibited significantly by TSA introduced either at the same time with immunization or at the onset of manifestation of arthritis.Collagen specific T cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by introduction of TSA.Increased level of IL-4 by T cells was observed in TSA treated group compared to that of control group.Conclusion IL-4 level was increased and played a critical role in the protective effects of TSA in CIA.TSA suppresses the progress of CIA by regulates the balance of Th1/Th2 differentiation.
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Objective To evaluate the nephrotoxicity induced by radiographic contrast media with different osmolality in rats with hypercholesterolemia, and to explore the protective effect of pentoxifylline. Methods Forty-eight healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into normal dietary group (NN, n =8) and high cholesterol supplemented dietary group (H, 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid, n=40). At the end of 8th week, the rats with high cholesterol diet were randomly divided into five subgroups (n=8, respectively): high cholesterol diet group(HN), high cholesterol plus iso-osmolar contrast media (iodixanol, IOCM) group (HI), high cholesterol plus low-osmolar contrast media (iohexle, LOCM) group (HL), high cholesterol diet plus high-osmolar contrast media (diatrizoate, HOCM) group (HH) and high cholesterol plus HOCM plus pentoxifylline group (HHP). Forty-eight hours after contrast media injection, the rats were executed and blood samples were prepared to determine total cholesterol, triglyceride, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance(Ccr), fractional excretion of sodium and potassium(FeNa, FeK), and angtension Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) levels. The renal injury was assessed by HE staining and TUNEL staining, respectively. The expression of NF-κB protein in the renal tissue was detected by using immunohistocbemical method. Results An increase of cholesterol was observed in all the rats with high cholesterol diet. Scr, FeNa%, FeK% and Ang Ⅱ levels of rats in HH group were obviously higher than those in HL and HI groups respectively. Ccr in HH group [(0.11±0.02) ml·min-1·(100 g)-1] was significantly lower than that in HHP group [(0.43±0.03) ml·min-1·(100 g)-1], HL group [(0.25±0.02) ml·min-1·(100 g)-1] or HI group [(0.27±0.03) ml·min-1,(100 g)-1] (P<0.05). TUNEL staining showed that the pewentage of apoptotic cells in HH group [(89.60±6.40)% ] was higher than that of the other groups [NN (2.40±0.77)%, HN (5.60±1.08)%, HHP (8.91±1.44)%, HL (63.34±11.97)% and HI (61.50±9.40)%]. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the average gray value of NF-κB positive cells in HH group decreased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences of all indices between HL and HI groups (P0.05). Conclusions Contrast media can cause kidney injuries in the rats with hypercholesterolemia. PTX can protect the renal tissue from nephrotoxicity induced by HOCM in hypercholesterolemia.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to minimize lead pollution and to protect the identified individuals with high blood lead level from lead contamination, an epidemiological study was carried on children living around the village and township-owned lead industries in Tianying town.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Environmental monitoring: lead levels in air, soil, drinking water and crops were measured. Biological monitoring: 959 children aged 5 - 12 years were selected from villages where the lead smelters located near the residential areas and the battery disassembling was done in some families. The control children (207 pupils) were from other villages without lead exposure. Blood lead, ZnPP and teeth lead were determined. Height, weight and head circle of children and IQ scores were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The environment was seriously polluted. The average lead concentrations in air and soils were 8.5 times and 10 times of the MACs (national health standard) respectively. Eighty-five per cent the air samples with lead concentrations higher than the national health standard. Local crops and wheat at farmers' home were also contaminated by lead dust, with. Lead content being 24 times higher than the standard. The mean blood lead and ZnPP levels of children lived in the polluted areas were 496 microgram/L and 9.41 microgram/g Hb respectively. The lead exposure caused adverse effects on children's IQ and physical development.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is necessary to remove and reduce currently active sources of lead pollution in the community and to increase public awareness of potential health effects of lead exposure.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Air Pollutants , Child Development , China , Crops, Agricultural , Chemistry , Environmental Monitoring , Methods , Environmental Pollution , Health Status , Industrial Waste , Lead , Blood , Soil Pollutants , Suburban Health , Reference Standards , Urban Health , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between the parameter of P100 elicited by pattern stimuli, spatial frequency and visual acuity in the posttraumatic eyes. Methods 81 eyes sustained blunt injury in outpatients were enrolled from West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The control group was composed of 199 eyes without disease or trauma. Different P100 wave including amplitude and latency were recorded in each eye stimulated by reversal pattern with 5 - sized checkerboards. The data were processed by SPSS to describe the relationship between the visual acuity and the parameter of P100 wave. A linear and regression analysis was done in the statistic procedure. Results There was a high correlation between spatial frequency ( X) and the log visual acuity ( Y). Regression equations were deduced for evaluating the visual acuity. There was a correlation between the latency of P100 wave (X) and the log visual acuity (Y) in all the examined eyes. Conclusion The established regression equations can be used to evaluate the visual acuity as an accurate and objective method. There is a promising future of its application in the forensic clinical authentication of visual function.